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Posts Tagged ‘stone walls’

Every now and again Toby and I get together at a local coffeehouse to talk about our practices and about landscape architectural issues in general.  Conversation never lags — as we did when we worked together at Copley-Wolff, and over meals with other LA friends, and even before then, when we were both grad students at Cornell, we find plenty to talk about.  And we generate plenty of ideas for blog posts.

The thing is, once we’ve talked it seems harder actually to write the posts we’ve talked about.

Yesterday we had a long-overdue confab.  As always, it was refreshing  and fun to discuss our professional lives through the filter of a longtime friendship.  We mined a vein of topics that covered, as always, a pretty wide territory.  And once again, I made notes on what ideas I wanted to write about later.

This time, however, it dawned on me that the gulf between talking and writing would loom in front of us again, no matter what notes I took.  The solution — at least for the moment — is simply to post the list of topics we covered.  Here’s our list:

  • Apple crumb cake or two-chocolate mousse?  Brain food is important, and sweet selection really was our first topic as we stood at the counter.  Apple crumb cake won out.
  • Parcel 18 on Boston’s Rose Kennedy Greenway, and the clearing out of a rose thicket underneath a group of Dawn Redwoods (Metasequoia glyptostroboides).  Now you can understand the design intent of letting the trees form a grove.
  • The proposed Armenian Genocide Memorial, proposed for construction near Boston’s North End on the Greenway.  A labyrinth?  Really?
  • Flat, graphic designs as a substitute for spatial volumes with permeable enclosure.
  • The idea of letting the Greenway grow in and develop a character for a period of several years before adding buildings to it.
  • London Plane trees moved bare-root last summer.
  • This summer’s ISA Conference and Trade Show in Chicago.
  • This summer’s ASLA Annual Meeting in Washington, DC.
  • Priceline.com, or the other one that isn’t priceline but also isn’t as easy to remember. (Afterthought: quikbook.com is worth a try too.)
  • Toby’s web site.
  • The Parsley.  Not long ago, she posted a couple of really smart landscape architectural reviews of Chicago’s Millenium Park.  She wrote not only about the Iconic Big Moves (the Cloud Gate, aka The Bean, the Lurie Garden, the Crown Fountain), but also about the less glamorous but important issues of circulation, edge-making, enclosure, detailing, sight lines, and wayfinding. In the opinion of the one of us who’s been there, she nailed it.
  • College reunions.
  • Older parent/family issues.
  • High school reunions.
  • Labyrinths, cathedrals, pilgrimages, and minotaurs.
  • Baby garter snakes and fledgling mockingbirds.
  • Design strategies for linking the North End Parks on the RK Greenway with the southbound Surface Road — street-theatre-promoting terraces and broad steps could add charm, access, and character to a peculiarly bulwarklike edge.
  • The enormous effort involved in designing tree plantings for the Greenway given its intensely utility-rich subgrade conditions.
  • The pros and cons of prefab tree boxes.
  • The merits and hazards of being quoted by reporters.
  • Permeable pavement, and when it isn’t.
  • Silver Lake in Wilmington, MA, its role as the headwaters of the Ipswich River, and what’s being done to make its watershed work better.
  • A huge multi-stemmed Ilex opaca — 50′ tall — in Wilmington.
  • Walden Pond’s water level this year (very high, due to heavy spring rains).
  • The LID Center and its building on decades-worth of knowledge and experience (Ian McHarg and Design With Nature, Andropogon, etc.)
  • Bing birdseye photos as a useful way to see a site online.
  • Garden Design magazine as an advertising delivery system (but not ours).
  • Fine Gardening magazine.
  • Subtext in garden design magazines.
  • The New York Times‘s increasingly goofy treatment of landscape and horticulture, including their astonishing discovery of the tree lawn, aka the “parkway” (Illinois) or “verge” (Britain).
  • CEUs for Connecticut and New York landscape architects.
  • What grows in the shade of a Norway maple and what will grow in the same place after it’s gone — in reality and in metaphor.  Massachusetts had severe and blustery thunderstorms this past Sunday, and hundreds of trees came down around the Commonwealth.  I had three calls about downed trees the next day.
  • Avant Gardens in North Dartmouth, MA.
  • Sylvan Nursery in Westport, MA.
  • Lobster rolls, eggplant fries, and strawberry rhubarb pie at The Bayside in Westport, MA.
  • Fertilizer.
  • Bacterial counts.
  • Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
  • The possibility of designing a series of wooden stairs to run down a slope dominated by a client’s ancient and beloved Sugar Maple, rather than installing stone steps that might damage its roots.
  • Native plants for parking lots.
  • Volunteer barberries.
  • Stone walls.

Truly.  One conversation.

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terra_firma5 stone

The DCR has a publication here on the preservation of stone walls, with lots of references to good historical and legal resources.  They write:

How do we learn to recognize these features when toppled stone boundary markers or collapsed and tree-filled cellar holes often go unnoticed in the woods? Even when identified, it may be assumed that their isolation removes any relevance or historic significance. But it is exactly these types of landscape elements that tie the land to a past use and history that may no longer be immediately discernable, and without the skills needed to identify these features their eventual loss is assured. However, stone features can be protected through proper stewardship that addresses threats such as neglect, collapse, and damage from vegetation and theft.

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The Boston Globe just published this piece about stone wall theft throughout New England. It describes the just-passed New Hampshire law that will assess triple damages for the restoration of a stolen wall — plus attorneys’ fees — against those who steal that stone wall. That’s a lot of spondulix. The article is worth a read.
p1000653

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I just checked Taking Place’s stats, and find that hits spiked for the “Stone Walls For The Taking” post. They really spiked. It baffled me, and then I Googled “stone walls for the taking”, and discovered that post as the first and second entries on Google. Apparently a lot of people are looking for free stone walls…

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In that last post, I don’t mean to imply that all veneer stone walls come from shady dealings, by any means, or that they are bad in and of themselves. I use veneer stone walls in plenty of my projects, and veneer is a valuable construction method in any number of applications. Often they are the best solution for a given site. And certainly there’s plenty of stone to go around in New England.

The cutting of larger, weathered wall stone into much smaller, weathered-face pieces is what I’m wondering about, and have no solid answers. Those smaller cut pieces can make a stunning chimney face, or interior stone wall, or, as in the case featured recently on a popular TV program, a knockout modern retaining wall backing a narrow reflecting pool. But each weathered stone taken from an old wall and cut up for one of those elements provides incentive for the removal and cutting up of the stones from other old (and still viable) walls.

On the other hand, not everyone wants the weathered look. A contractor once told me about a client for whom he had built a handsome fieldstone wall, one that he had been at great pains to use stone with nicely lichened faces. There was even a little moss on some of the stones, and because of that and its careful design, the wall looked comfortably situated in the landscape from the start. The client, who had been out of town and away from the project since approving the design, came home, saw the wall, and called his contractor. “What is this?!” he asked — “I don’t want old, used stone in my wall! I thought I was getting new stone!” The contractor shook his head as he told me the story, laughing at the idea of having to source stone that hadn’t been around for millennia….

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Quite frequently I design a project that calls for one or more stone walls, and almost as frequently the stone I specify is New England fieldstone. Fieldstone walls are ubiquitous in this part of the world, and a good wall, even if it’s newly constructed, can help give structure and readability to a landscape.

Because I specify stone walls so often, I see quite a few stone supplier ads. A newish product, fieldstone veneer, has been advertised in the last few years. Fieldstone veneer is made by cutting chunks of fieldstone into small rectangular pieces; the face of the veneer is left rough and weathered, or with a split, not sawn surface. The rectangular form makes installing the veneer a relatively quick process, and gives an architectural, or at least strictly ordered, look to a wall face. The contrast between that ordering and the naturally textured surface presents quite an appealing finish.

When I see videos of the fieldstone veneer cutting process, though, my mind drifts to the disappearance of historic stone walls throughout New England, and I wonder if any of the projects I’ve worked on contain some of that stone, hauled from its centuries-old home and sliced into construction-ready pieces. This article from the National Trust for Historic Preservation outlines the problem: stone walls are being taken without permission or compensation from private properties and reused elsewhere. As far as I can tell, there’s no way of determining the provenance of stone — and cutting it up only makes identification even more impossible. We can only see the ancient walls disappearing from roadsides, yard perimeters, and woodlots, and hope that what we’re using has come only from legitimate sources.

Here is a photo of intact stone walls in winter. p1000614These are freestanding drylaid walls, and one of their structural merits is that they move with frost. Their jointing methods – no mortar used – and wall composition insure that the walls move with the land as it undergoes the freeze/thaw cycle, and the relatively large stone size keeps the walls from falling apart even as they move.

With the ‘recycling’ of New England fieldstone for mortared walls, as in this wall,
Picture 5for instance, the cutting up of stones limits their future use, and the ability of future generations to recycle the stones once more. The argument could be made that veneer makes fieldstone a material accessible to more people because a veneer wall is less expensive to build than a full-depth stone wall — and it’s a valid argument. But the lifespan of mortared veneer walls has to be far shorter than that of traditional drylaid walls, given the nature of the freeze/thaw cycle, the shallowness of small veneers, and the prevalence of moisture in the New England winter — and that means that these walls will need maintenance and/or rebuilding sooner than the more traditionally built walls. Not to mention that if the natural stones themselves disappear, so too do the building techniques that produce the most stable and flexible kinds of walls for landscape use, and the possibility of being able to build them as readily as has been done in the past.

Is this a solvable problem? Is this a problem? I think that stone wall theft is definitely a problem, and I don’t know if it’s a solvable one. I’m pretty sure I haven’t explored the topic of New England stone walls, their disappearance, the metamorphosis of fieldstone into veneer, the use of veneer in landscape applications, or the costs (short-term and life-cycle) of veneer versus fieldstone with anything approaching thoroughness — but it seemed that recording initial thoughts on the topic would be a good place to start this particular conversation. Your thoughts?

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Dressed granite wall, solidly built with care, skill, and a good level

Dressed granite wall, solidly built with care, skill, and a good level

My good friend and colleague Jane Shoplick pointed out that not all the stones are squared; some are angle-cut, which imparts even more character to the wall.

My good friend and colleague Jane Shoplick pointed out that not all the stones are squared; some are angle-cut, which imparts even more character to the wall.

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Stone walls 1

p1000618p1000624p1000655Same March day, Rhode Island rural landscape.  Stone edges.

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