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Archive for the ‘Toby's posts’ Category

Park vs. Park“ in the Times. Actually quite good.

As for the forest, go there when it’s hot — the temperature is 15 degrees cooler. Your breathing will change. You’ll find yourself speaking in hushed tones. The sounds are all birdsong and water, and the air is thick with the scent of lindens. At 146 acres, the forest is so vast you may get lost. Modeled on the Adirondacks wilderness, it’s full of centuries-old oaks and centered on a precipitous 100-foot ravine.

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just enough design, at the Promenade Plantée, Paris

Rowan Moore, here:

I’m told, by people who don’t suffer from the radical unmusicality which is my personal affliction, that in music pauses are as important as the notes. Something similar is true of architecture. The bits that are not there matter as much as those that are, as if buildings are only completed by the people and actions they contain. You sometimes want the architecture to hold back. What makes bad design offensive is often the urge to fill every space with the decisions of the architect, to determine, finish and close down a place before it is inhabited.

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Last week, Deb and I discussed “the New York Times‘s increasingly goofy treatment of landscape and horticulture, including their astonishing discovery of the tree lawn, aka the “parkway” (Illinois) or “verge” (Britain).”

This week, it’s The Wall Street Journal that’s on the verge.  In an article on the Dictionary of American Regional English, they write:

It’s surprising how many different names Americans have for that strip of ground between the sidewalk and the street: “boulevard,” “grass plot,” “parkway” and “tree bank” are among them. So after a child abductor in the ’90s left a note demanding that ransom be deposited in a trash can “on the devil strip” at an intersection, a forensic linguist used the dictionary to help solve the crime—because the term was common only in a small part of Ohio.

See? Landscape literacy saves lives.

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I’m still getting used to the idea of my phone as a serious tool, but I find I’m using it more and more. Here are some apps I’ve come to rely on:

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I was taking site measurements with Susan Opton when she showed me My Measures and Dimensions. My Measures doesn’t actually take the measurements itself (not yet anyhow), but it provides an information-rich way to capture them. Instead of recording measurements on paper, I can place the measurements directly on a photo. When I get back to my office, I have the measurements and a good record of what I’ve measured.

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My Measures allows me to place dimension lines precisely, change their color (to contrast with varying backgrounds), give them different end markings (depending on the type of measurement), and supplement them with notes. It doesn’t yet provide a way to make sure the dimensions are right-side-up. Maybe in the next version.

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When I need to convert vertical measurements taken in feet and inches into decimal elevations, I use Convertbot.

Convertbot is elegant and friendly.  Aside from lengths and distances, Convertbot handles weights, speeds, temperatures, volumes, areas, currencies, data sizes, and time.

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Another surprisingly capable app is AutoStitch Panorama. There are lots of iPhone and desktop apps that automatically assemble photos into a seamless panorama, but most are restricted to linear panoramas based on a single row of photos, and don’t provide a way to include images that are higher or lower than that row. AutoStitch can stitch in more than one direction, converting arrays of photos into mosaics that are both broad and high.

AutoStitch can leave the edges ragged, as above, or it can crop them smooth, below.

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In the list-making spirit of the moment, I’ve added four web sites to our “Sites We Like” blogroll, which lives on the right side of this page (scroll down).  Below, I’ve linked below to some samples of what each of them does best:

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Places was a one of the great design magazines. Without glitz or color photos, it quietly brought together the environmental design disciplines without worrying too much about which was which.  Now it’s online, in the even more fertile and diverse setting of Design Observer. Here are some ways to think about WalMart. (It isn’t about the box.)

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The Aesthetics of Joy doesn’t pay too much attention to disciplinary boundaries, either, and it’s a powerful antidote to self-seriousness. Here, it touches down on landscape.

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The Microbe Factor and <br />Its Role in Our Climate FutureUnder Pressure to Block Oil,<br /> A Rush To Dubious ProjectsThe Anthropocene Debate: <br /> Marking Humanity’s Impact Toward Sustainable Travel:<br /> Breaking the Flying Addiction

Environment360 is a soberer place, “Opinion, Reporting, and Debate” from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Good, solid, reader-friendly science.  Here is the Anthropocene.

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And Bobulate is the non-designer friend that every designer should have, the one who asks seemingly naive questions that prompt you to rethink everything. Here, time, books, and movement.

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Every now and again Toby and I get together at a local coffeehouse to talk about our practices and about landscape architectural issues in general.  Conversation never lags — as we did when we worked together at Copley-Wolff, and over meals with other LA friends, and even before then, when we were both grad students at Cornell, we find plenty to talk about.  And we generate plenty of ideas for blog posts.

The thing is, once we’ve talked it seems harder actually to write the posts we’ve talked about.

Yesterday we had a long-overdue confab.  As always, it was refreshing  and fun to discuss our professional lives through the filter of a longtime friendship.  We mined a vein of topics that covered, as always, a pretty wide territory.  And once again, I made notes on what ideas I wanted to write about later.

This time, however, it dawned on me that the gulf between talking and writing would loom in front of us again, no matter what notes I took.  The solution — at least for the moment — is simply to post the list of topics we covered.  Here’s our list:

  • Apple crumb cake or two-chocolate mousse?  Brain food is important, and sweet selection really was our first topic as we stood at the counter.  Apple crumb cake won out.
  • Parcel 18 on Boston’s Rose Kennedy Greenway, and the clearing out of a rose thicket underneath a group of Dawn Redwoods (Metasequoia glyptostroboides).  Now you can understand the design intent of letting the trees form a grove.
  • The proposed Armenian Genocide Memorial, proposed for construction near Boston’s North End on the Greenway.  A labyrinth?  Really?
  • Flat, graphic designs as a substitute for spatial volumes with permeable enclosure.
  • The idea of letting the Greenway grow in and develop a character for a period of several years before adding buildings to it.
  • London Plane trees moved bare-root last summer.
  • This summer’s ISA Conference and Trade Show in Chicago.
  • This summer’s ASLA Annual Meeting in Washington, DC.
  • Priceline.com, or the other one that isn’t priceline but also isn’t as easy to remember. (Afterthought: quikbook.com is worth a try too.)
  • Toby’s web site.
  • The Parsley.  Not long ago, she posted a couple of really smart landscape architectural reviews of Chicago’s Millenium Park.  She wrote not only about the Iconic Big Moves (the Cloud Gate, aka The Bean, the Lurie Garden, the Crown Fountain), but also about the less glamorous but important issues of circulation, edge-making, enclosure, detailing, sight lines, and wayfinding. In the opinion of the one of us who’s been there, she nailed it.
  • College reunions.
  • Older parent/family issues.
  • High school reunions.
  • Labyrinths, cathedrals, pilgrimages, and minotaurs.
  • Baby garter snakes and fledgling mockingbirds.
  • Design strategies for linking the North End Parks on the RK Greenway with the southbound Surface Road — street-theatre-promoting terraces and broad steps could add charm, access, and character to a peculiarly bulwarklike edge.
  • The enormous effort involved in designing tree plantings for the Greenway given its intensely utility-rich subgrade conditions.
  • The pros and cons of prefab tree boxes.
  • The merits and hazards of being quoted by reporters.
  • Permeable pavement, and when it isn’t.
  • Silver Lake in Wilmington, MA, its role as the headwaters of the Ipswich River, and what’s being done to make its watershed work better.
  • A huge multi-stemmed Ilex opaca — 50′ tall — in Wilmington.
  • Walden Pond’s water level this year (very high, due to heavy spring rains).
  • The LID Center and its building on decades-worth of knowledge and experience (Ian McHarg and Design With Nature, Andropogon, etc.)
  • Bing birdseye photos as a useful way to see a site online.
  • Garden Design magazine as an advertising delivery system (but not ours).
  • Fine Gardening magazine.
  • Subtext in garden design magazines.
  • The New York Times‘s increasingly goofy treatment of landscape and horticulture, including their astonishing discovery of the tree lawn, aka the “parkway” (Illinois) or “verge” (Britain).
  • CEUs for Connecticut and New York landscape architects.
  • What grows in the shade of a Norway maple and what will grow in the same place after it’s gone — in reality and in metaphor.  Massachusetts had severe and blustery thunderstorms this past Sunday, and hundreds of trees came down around the Commonwealth.  I had three calls about downed trees the next day.
  • Avant Gardens in North Dartmouth, MA.
  • Sylvan Nursery in Westport, MA.
  • Lobster rolls, eggplant fries, and strawberry rhubarb pie at The Bayside in Westport, MA.
  • Fertilizer.
  • Bacterial counts.
  • Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
  • The possibility of designing a series of wooden stairs to run down a slope dominated by a client’s ancient and beloved Sugar Maple, rather than installing stone steps that might damage its roots.
  • Native plants for parking lots.
  • Volunteer barberries.
  • Stone walls.

Truly.  One conversation.

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More here.

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I should have known, of course.  In a recent post on trees and pollen, I wrote:

Bee-pollinated trees don’t bother to release the kind of pollen that makes you sneeze, and wind-pollinated plants don’t bother to attract bees. (There may be belt-and-suspenders plants out there that can be pollinated by wind but would like also to be pollinated by bees, but this non-botanist isn’t aware of them. Readers?)

I like taxonomy and either/or, but nature likes redundancy and both/and.  Nature is right; I stand corrected.

Species with a Plan B tend to stick around longer. So it turns out at least two genera of New England trees (and probably many more elsewhere) are both wind- and insect-pollinated. Maples and Willows have small but clearly visible flowers that are pollinated both by wind and by insects.

Our native Columbine, Aquilegia canadensis, has a back-up plan too. Its long red nectaries attract hummingbirds and its yellow bits attract bugs.

Thank you to Frances Clark, in her excellent Wildflowers of New England class at Garden In the Woods, for cluing me in on this.

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I wrote here that “a big tree does more to keep a city cool and clean than a small one does.” Adrian Benape, New York City’s parks and recreation commissioner, has the numbers.

The first number is 102. New York, he says, plants “102 different unique cultivars and species of street trees in pursuit of a more diverse urban forest.”

The second number is 65. Benape writes:

I wouldn’t trade in the street trees planted by our predecessors for anything. These venerable specimens of the urban forest give us the most benefits right now — more than 65 times those of a smaller tree, according to research by the United States Forest Service. They clean our air, shade our streets, reduce energy costs, increase property values and beautify our neighborhoods.

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On Saturday the Times published two letters that responded to its recent op-ed piece by Thomas Lee Ogren on trees, pollen, and allergies.

One reader, Christine Lehrer, wrote:

Honeybees collect pollen from the very trees that are causing all the sneezing and runny noses. By taking a spoonful of honey daily, approaching and during allergy season, you inoculate yourself against the offending pollen and greatly reduce your allergic reaction.

Another, Joan Edwards, wrote:

Plants with showy colorful flowers like magnolia, black cherry, redbud and flowering dogwood … make pollen that is designed to affix to their pollinators. Their pollen is sticky, produced in small quantities, and large so it is less likely to be blown in the wind, where it can be inhaled by an unsuspecting passer-by.

Both of these cannot be true. My money is with the Edwards: Bee-pollinated trees don’t bother to release the kind of pollen that makes you sneeze, and wind-pollinated plants don’t bother to attract bees. (There may be belt-and-suspenders plants out there that can be pollinated by wind but would like also to be pollinated by bees, but this non-botanist isn’t aware of them. Readers?)

So by planting only insect-pollinated trees and the female cultivars of wind-pollinated trees, we can reduce pollen counts. Good information, as far as it goes, but neither Ogren nor Edwards successfully addresses the other qualities that urban trees require. Ogren writes:

In New York City, street trees are selected only for their hardiness in winter; their resistance to disease, insects and drought; their ability to withstand smog; and their size, shape and color.

Even when selecting ”only” for those criteria, the trees that pass muster make up a pretty short list.  Adding a new criterion will only make the list shorter. And in fact, very few of the trees that Ogren and Edwards recommend would perform well as street trees.

It turns out New York’s criteria make sense.  Size, for example, matters. A big tree does more to keep a city cool and clean than a small one does.  It casts more shade, transpires more water, absorbs more noise, and (if its leaves are fuzzy) traps more particulates. Plus, a sidewalk tree’s lowest branches have to be higher than a tall pedestrian’s head, so the tree has to be large enough that it can be limbed up without looking like a broken umbrella.

Trouble is, most big trees are wind-pollinated. (Evolutionary biologists, pitch in here: Is it because more insects fly at dogwood-height than at oak-height, or are there some other phenomena at work? What is it that the tall insect-pollinated trees — tulip poplar, cucumber magnolia, caltalpa, horse chestnut — have in common?) Whatever the benefits of planting only the kinds of trees that don’t release a lot of pollen, our urban forests would be poorer for it, and our cities would be hotter, to the detriment of trees and people alike.

Instead of banning wind-pollinated trees altogether, what about mapping prevailing spring winds and vulnerable populations (schools, hospitals?), and designating zones in each city where only female and bee-pollinated trees would be planted? If we can put some allergists and public health specialists in the same room as some planners and urban foresters, we might get somewhere on this.

In the meantime, stir a little local honey in your tea. Probably won’t help. Can’t hurt.

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